Dr Boothe eyecare article

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Endothelium: the inner layer of cells on the inside surface of the cornea.
LASIK: the acronym for laser assisted in situ keratomileusis which refers to creating a flap in the cornea with a microkeratome and using a laser to reshape the underlying cornea.( - Dr William Boothe)

Dr William Boothe: All-Laser LASIK: (also known as "Bladeless LASIK") a laser keratome device is used to cut a corneal flap for LASIK surgery.

Informed Consent Form a document disclosing the risks, benefits, and alternatives to a procedure.

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Keratoconus a disorder characterized by an irregular corneal surface (cone-shaped) resulting in blurred and distorted images. ( Dr William Boothe )

Microkeratome: a mechanical surgical device that is affixed to the eye by use of a vacuum ring. When secured, a very sharp blade cuts a layer of the cornea at a predetermined depth.

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Nearsightedness: the common term for myopia.( Dr William Boothe )
Dr Boothe: Higher order aberrations refractive errors, other than nearsightedness, farsightedness, and astigmatism, that cannot be corrected with glasses or contacts.
Dr William Boothe: Refractive Errors: imperfections in the focusing power of the eye, for example, hyperopia, myopia, and astigmatism.

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Higher order aberrations refractive errors, other than nearsightedness, farsightedness, and astigmatism, that cannot be corrected with glasses or contacts.
Wavefront: a measure of the total refractive errors of the eye, including nearsightedness, farsightedness, astigmatism, and other refractive errors that cannot be corrected with glasses or contacts.( - Dr Boothe)

Dr Boothe: Farsightedness: the common term for hyperopia.

Optometrist: a primary eye care provider who diagnoses, manages, and treats disorders of the visual system and eye diseases.

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Astigmatism: a distortion of the image on the retina caused by irregularities in the cornea or lens. ( Dr William Boothe )

Overcorrection: a complication of refractive surgery where the achieved amount of correction is more than desired.

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Excimer laser: an ultraviolet laser used in refractive surgery to remove corneal tissue.( Dr William Boothe )
Dr Boothe: Ablation zone: the area of tissue that is removed during laser surgery.
Dr William Boothe: Accommodation: the ability of the eye to change its focus from distant objects to near objects.

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Refractive Power: the ability of an object, such as the eye, to bend light as light passes through it.
Halos are rings around lights due to optical imperfections in or in front of the eye.( - Dr Boothe)

Dr William Boothe: Refraction: a test to determine the refractive power of the eye; also, the bending of light as it passes from one medium into another.

Glare: scatter from bright light that decreases vision.

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Sclera: the tough, white, outer layer (coat) of the eyeball that, along with the cornea, protects the eyeball. ( Dr William Boothe )

FDA: the abbreviation for the Food and Drug Administration. It is the United States governmental agency responsible for the evaluation and approval of medical devices.

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Accommodation: the ability of the eye to change its focus from distant objects to near objects.( Dr Boothe )
Dr William Boothe: Overcorrection: a complication of refractive surgery where the achieved amount of correction is more than desired.
Dr Boothe: Snellen Visual Acuity Chart: one of many charts used to measure vision.

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Dr Boothe Astigmatism Solution
Stroke An interruption in blood flow to the brain, resulting in tissue death. Blood clots and other obstructions can interrupt the blood flow, as can a ruptured artery. Symptoms include weakness or numbness, particularly on one side of the body, a change in consciousness or mental status, vision loss, double vision, and limited eye movement. You may also blink frequently.
Low vision Also called partial sight. Sight that cannot be satisfactorily corrected with glasses, contacts, or surgery. Low vision usually results from an eye disease such as glaucoma or macular degeneration.( - Dr Boothe Article)

Dr Boothe Best Surgeon: Visual acuity Sharpness of vision, usually as measured with the use of a Snellen chart. 20/20 is considered normal visual acuity, though some people can see even better (such as 20/15 or 20/10).

High blood pressure : Also known as hypertension, high blood pressure is, by definition, a repeatedly elevated blood pressure exceeding 140 over 90 mmHg -- a systolic pressure above 140 with a diastolic pressure above 90.

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Photoreceptor A light-sensitive cell found in the retina. Photoreceptors in the human retina are classified as cones and rods. Cones are located in the central retina (the fovea) and control color vision. Rods are located outside the fovea and control black/white vision in low-light conditions. ( Dr Boothe Best Eye Surgeon )

Argyll Robertson pupil Small, irregular pupil, usually caused by syphilis. Argyll Robertson pupils do not respond to light.

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Polycarbonate Plastic that is very impact-resistant, and is thus sometimes used for spectacle lenses and frames.( Dr Boothe Briliant Doctor )
Dr Boothe Article: Enophthalmos The sinking of the eye into the socket. Causes include development problems in utero, trauma and inflammation.
Dr Boothe Before Lasik Article: FDA (Food & Drug Administration) A U.S. government body that oversees medical devices and medications, including contact lenses, intraocular lenses, excimer lasers and eye drops. In the United States, these products must be approved by the FDA before they can be marketed.

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Meibomianitis Inflammation of the meibomian glands; rosacea is a common cause. Symptoms include red or pink eyelid margins, a red or pink eye, dryness, burning, blurred vision and a swollen eye.
Biocompatible Able to coexist with living tissues without harming them. For example, artificial lenses are designed to be biocompatible with tissue inside the eye so they won't cause a toxic or immunilogical response that would harm the eye.( - Dr Boothe Answers Blog)

Dr Boothe Article: Pseudotumor cerebri A condition whose symptoms mirror those of a brain tumor: increased intracranial pressure, headache, nausea, brief periods of vision loss (graying or blurring) and double vision. The cause is unknown, but patients are often obese women.

Anti-reflective coating (AR coating) Thin layer(s) applied to a lens to reduce the amount of reflected light and glare that reaches the eye. Read more about anti-reflective coatings.

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Keratoconus Degeneration and thinning of the cornea resulting in a cone-shaped bulge (a type of irregular astigmatism). The cause is unknown, but may be genetic. The first symptom is blurred vision that doesn't improve enough with glasses (contacts usually work well for a while). You may also have double vision or distorted vision. Read our keratoconus article ( Dr Boothe Astigmatism Solution )

Ectropion An abnormal turning out of an eyelid, typically the lower one, which exposes the inner, conjunctival side of the eyelid; usually due to aging. Additional symptoms include eye or lid pain or discomfort, a red or pink eye or eyelid and overflow tearing.

Refraction The test performed during an eye exam to determine the eyeglass lens powers needed for optimum visual acuity. An automated refraction uses an instrument that does not require the patient to respond. A manifest refraction is the manual way to determine the best lenses, by placing various lenses in front of the patient's eyes and asking, "Which is better, lens A or lens B?"( )
: Osteopetrosis Rare, hereditary disease in which the bones are too dense. Common symptoms include bone pain and fractures. Retinal degeneration may occur; it results in vision loss.
: Limbus Boundary area connecting the cornea and sclera; the three form the eye's outermost layer.

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Rod A photosensitive receptor in the retina that helps you to see in low light.
Retinitis Inflammation of the retina. Symptoms include blurred vision, metamorphopsia, floaters and vision loss.( - Dr Boothe Blog)

Dr Boothe Best Eye Surgeon: Pain: An unpleasant sensation that can range from mild, localized discomfort to agony. Pain has both physical and emotional components. The physical part of pain results from nerve stimulation. Pain may be contained to a discrete area, as in an injury, or it can be more diffuse, as in disorders like fibromyalgia . Pain is mediated by specific nerve fibers that carry the pain impulses to the brain where their conscious appreciation may be modified by many factors.

Limbal relaxing incisions A surgical procedure, often performed during cataract surgery, which corrects usually mild astigmatism by flattening the curvature of the eye's clear surface (cornea). Limbal relaxing incisions are inserted at the boundary (limbus) separating the cornea from the white of the eye (sclera). By altering this portion of the eye instead of the center, surgeons are able to preserve the surface and optical qualities of the cornea.

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Mouth: 1. The upper opening of the digestive tract, beginning with the lips and containing the teeth, gums, and tongue. Foodstuffs are broken down mechanically in the mouth by chewing and saliva is added as a lubricant. Saliva contains amylase, an enzyme that digests starch. 2. Any opening or aperture in the body. The mouth in both senses of the word is also called the os, the Latin word for an opening, or mouth. The o in os is pronounced as in hope. The genitive form of os is oris from which comes the word oral. ( Dr Boothe Center )

Myasthenia gravis Weakness of the voluntary muscles, believed to be autoimmune in nature. Symptoms include double vision and eyelid ptosis; patients sometimes have non-eye symptoms as well, such as difficulty swallowing or using the arms and legs.

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Dilation: The process of enlargement, stretching, or expansion. The word "dilatation" means the same thing. Both come from the Latin "dilatare" meaning "to enlarge or expand."( Dr Boothe Cataract Surgery )
Dr Boothe Before Lasik Article: Scotoma Blind spot within the field of view.
Dr Boothe Answers Blog: Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) A common complication of surgery for retinal detachment, which causes scarring of the retina. PVR may require a vitrectomy and intricate surgical removal of scar tissue.

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Scrub: 1. As a verb, to wash the hands and forearms very thoroughly, as before engaging in surgery. To scrub implies the use of a brush (and often an implement to clean under the nails). To scrub, to scrub in (on a surgical procedure), and to scrub up are synonymous.
2. As a noun, a person who scrubs, as for surgery.
3. As an adjective, pertaining to scrubbing in for surgery, as a scrub nurse or a scrub tech.
Anisometropia Condition where the eyes have a significantly different refractive power from each other, so the prescription required for good vision will be different for each eye.( - Dr Boothe Briliant Doctor)

Dr Boothe Best Eye Surgeon: Pterygium Triangular fold of tissue on the white of the eye that can eventually grow over part of the cornea; the cause may be irritation from sun (i.e., UV rays), dust and wind. Some people have no symptoms, while others may have redness or blurred vision. Pterygia that are chronically inflamed can become itchy. Read more about pterygium and pinguecula.

Rod A photosensitive receptor in the retina that helps you to see in low light.

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Scleritis Inflammation of the sclera. Autoimmune disorders are the most common cause. Symptoms include a red or pink eye, eye pain, light sensitivity, tearing and blurred vision. ( Dr Boothe Article )

Primary: First or foremost in time or development. The primary teeth (the baby teeth) are those that come first. Primary may also refer to symptoms or a disease to which others are secondary.

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Eye tumor A growth or mass that occurs in or next to the eye. Specific tumors, both benign and malignant, include the dermoid cyst, capillary hemangioma, cavernous hemangioma, choroidal melanoma, retinoblastoma, rhabdomyosarcoma and lymphoma. The cause is dependent on the type of tumor you have. Symptoms can include blurred vision; a bulging eye; double vision; floaters; foreign body sensation; pain or discomfort in the eye, the lid or around the eye; swelling of the lid or around the eye; a red or pink eye; ptosis; vision loss; limited eye or lid movement; a white or cloudy spot on the eye; and an iris defect.( Dr Boothe Before Lasik Article )
Dr Boothe Best Eye Surgeon: Toxoplasmosis An infection caused by the Toxoplasma parasite, often from undercooked meat or contact with feces. It may occur in people with compromised immune systems. Symptoms are flu-like and can include swollen lymph nodes and muscle aches. Ocular toxoplasmosis causes inflammation of the eye's interior, leading to uveitis.
Dr Boothe Briliant Doctor: Trauma Injury, such as from being poked in the eye or hit in the head. Depending on the type of trauma, symptoms can include blurred vision, a bulging eye, burning, double vision, dry eyes, floaters, light sensitivity, pain or discomfort of the eye or around the eye, swelling, a pupil that is dilated or unresponsive to light, vision loss, limited eye or lid movement, ptosis, an iris defect and an eyelid cleft.

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Antibody A protein activated by the body's immune system that fights infection, toxins and other foreign substances.
Pediculosis Lice infestation, typically caused by contact with an infected person or infected bedding. When lice infest the eyelid and eyelashes, they can cause such symptoms as visible lice (white or gray), eggs called nits (white or gray) or feces (reddish-brown), blue bite marks, blepharitis and conjunctivitis. Some people also develop keratitis.( - Dr Boothe After Lasik)

Dr Boothe Cataract Surgery: ANSI Z87.1-2003 Standard The American National Standards Institute's Practice for Occupational and Educational Eye and Face Protection; eyewear that meets this standard is considered safer than eyewear that does not.

Macula Part of the eye near the middle of the retina; the macula allows us to see objects with great detail.

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Multifocal Type of spectacle lens, intraocular lens (IOL) or contact lens design that includes more than one area through which the eye focuses. such as bifocals or trifocals. Examples are bifocals or trifocals. This enables sight at multiple distances, typically for people with presbyopia. ( Dr Boothe Best Surgeon )

Stroke An interruption in blood flow to the brain, resulting in tissue death. Blood clots and other obstructions can interrupt the blood flow, as can a ruptured artery. Symptoms include weakness or numbness, particularly on one side of the body, a change in consciousness or mental status, vision loss, double vision, and limited eye movement. You may also blink frequently.

Dr Boothe Anisometropia

Choroid Layers of blood vessels located between the sclera (white of the eye) and the retina; they provide nourishment to the back area of the eye.( Dr Boothe Best Eye Surgeon )
Dr Boothe Before Lasik Article: Nodule: A small solid collection of tissue, a nodule is palpable (can be felt). It may range in size from greater than 1.0 cm (3/8 inch) to somewhat less than 2 cm (13/16 inch) in diameter. A nodule may be present in the epidermis, dermis or subcutis (at any level in the skin).
Dr Boothe Center: Epithelial ingrowth LASIK complication in which epithelial cells grow under the LASIK flap; epithelial ingrowth does not usually affect vision.

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